神仙数论。
真难写……
随手推一下,原式变为 \(\sum\limits_{x=1}^n \sum\limits_{d=1}^k f_d(x) (2\sum\limits_{i=1}^{\lfloor\frac nx\rfloor}\varphi(i) - 1)\)。
对 \(\varphi\) 杜教筛,然后考虑设 \(F_d(n) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^n f_d(i)\)。
考虑容斥,可以强行钦定几个质因子的指数大于 \(d\),然后删去贡献(\(f_{\infty}\)),然后再把重复算的贡献补回。
即 \[
\begin{align*}
F_d(n)
=&\sum\limits_{i=1}^n f_d(i) \\
=&\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \mu(i) \sum\limits_{j=1}^{\left\lfloor\frac n{i^{d+1}}\right\rfloor} f_{\infty}(i^{d+1}j) \\
=&\sum\limits_{i=1}^n f_{\infty}^{d+1}(i) \mu(i) F_{\infty}\left(\left\lfloor\frac n{i^{d+1}}\right\rfloor\right) \\
=&\sum\limits_{i=1}^{\lfloor n^{1/(d+1)}\rfloor} f_{\infty}^{d+1}(i) \mu(i) F_{\infty}\left(\left\lfloor\frac n{i^{d+1}}\right\rfloor\right)
\end{align*}
\]
这是因为 \(f_{\infty}\) 是完全积性函数。
于是如果能求得 \(F_{\infty}\),\(F_d\) 就可以在 \(O(n^{2/3}k^{2/3})\) 内求得,即预处理 + 暴力算(实际上由于空间问题达不到这个最优值)。
考虑杜教筛,注意到若 \(n = \prod\limits_{i=1}^m p_i^{c_i}\),则 \((f_{\infty} * 1)(n) = \prod\limits_{i=1}^m [2\mathop{|}c_i]\),即 \(n\) 为完全平方数。
于是就做完了。
(当然直接 Min_25 筛或者洲阁筛也不错)
但是有一点,即 \(F_d\) 的预处理。
实际上是可以直接把 \(\sum\limits_{d=1}^k f_d(n)\) 的前缀和线性筛出来的。
具体的说,由于每个 \(f_d\) 的贡献非 \(0\) 即 \(f_{\infty}\),故只需要筛出每个数的质因子最大指数,然后算出有多少个 \(d\) 使得 \(f_d\) 有贡献,乘上 \(f_{\infty}\) 的值即可。
上文中有提到求 \(\sum\limits_{d=1}^k f_d\) 的复杂度,注意到若预处理 \((nk)^{2/3} = n^{2/3}k^{2/3}\) 内的值,可以达到最优复杂度 \(O(n^{2/3}k^{2/3})\),但是由于空间问题无法达到。
所以就大概少预处理个 \(2 \times 10^7\) 的样子吧(逃
代码(杜教筛): 1
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using namespace std;
const long long N = 1e10;
const int MX = 2e7;
const int K = 40;
long long n;
int k;
int vis[MX + 5],cnt,prime[MX + 5];
int mn[MX + 5],mx[MX + 5],f[MX + 5],phi[MX + 5],mu[MX + 5],lambda[MX + 5];
int w[3][MX + 5];
inline int &mem_slambda(long long x)
{
return w[0][n / x];
}
inline int &mem_sphi(long long x)
{
return w[1][n / x];
}
inline int &mem_sf(long long x)
{
return w[2][n / x];
}
int slambda(long long n)
{
if(n <= MX)
return lambda[n];
if(~mem_slambda(n))
return mem_slambda(n);
int ret = sqrt(n);
for(register long long l = 2,r;l <= n;l = r + 1)
{
r = n / (n / l);
ret -= (r - l + 1) * slambda(n / l);
}
return mem_slambda(n) = ret;
}
int sphi(long long n)
{
if(n <= MX)
return phi[n];
if(~mem_sphi(n))
return mem_sphi(n);
int ret = (n & 1) ? (n + 1) / 2 * n : n / 2 * (n + 1);
for(register long long l = 2,r;l <= n;l = r + 1)
{
r = n / (n / l);
ret -= (r - l + 1) * sphi(n / l);
}
return mem_sphi(n) = ret;
}
int sf(long long n)
{
if(n <= MX)
return f[n];
if(~mem_sf(n))
return mem_sf(n);
int ret = 0;
for(register int i = 1;(long long)i * i <= n;++i)
if(mu[i])
{
long long j = (long long)i * i;
int s = (lambda[i] - lambda[i - 1]) * (lambda[i] - lambda[i - 1]);
for(register int d = 2;d <= k + 1 && j <= n;++d,j *= i,s *= (lambda[i] - lambda[i - 1]))
ret += s * mu[i] * slambda(n / j);
}
return mem_sf(n) = ret;
}
int ans;
int main()
{
scanf("%lld%d",&n,&k);
memset(w,-1,sizeof w),phi[1] = mu[1] = lambda[1] = 1,f[1] = k;
for(register int i = 2;i <= MX;++i)
{
if(!vis[i])
mn[prime[++cnt] = i] = mx[i] = 1,phi[i] = i - 1,lambda[i] = mu[i] = -1;
for(register int j = 1;j <= cnt && i * prime[j] <= MX;++j)
{
vis[i * prime[j]] = 1,lambda[i * prime[j]] = -lambda[i];
if(!(i % prime[j]))
{
mn[i * prime[j]] = mn[i] + 1,mx[i * prime[j]] = max(mx[i],mn[i] + 1),phi[i * prime[j]] = phi[i] * prime[j];
break;
}
mn[i * prime[j]] = 1,mx[i * prime[j]] = mx[i],phi[i * prime[j]] = phi[i] * (prime[j] - 1),mu[i * prime[j]] = -mu[i];
}
f[i] = f[i - 1] + lambda[i] * (mx[i] <= k ? k - mx[i] + 1 : 0),phi[i] += phi[i - 1],lambda[i] += lambda[i - 1];
}
for(register long long l = 1,r;l <= n;l = r + 1)
{
r = n / (n / l);
ans += (sf(r) - sf(l - 1)) * (2 * sphi(n / l) - 1);
}
printf("%d\n",ans & (1 << 30) - 1);
}
代码(Min_25 筛): 1
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using namespace std;
const long long N = 1e10;
const int MX = 2e7;
const int K = 40;
long long n;
int k;
int vis[MX + 5],cnt,prime[MX + 5];
int mn[MX + 5],mx[MX + 5],f[MX + 5],mu[MX + 5],lambda[MX + 5];
int w[MX + 5];
namespace Min_25
{
const long long N = 1e10;
const int MX = 1e5;
long long n;
int lim;
int vis[MX + 5],prime[MX + 5],cnt,Gprime[MX + 5];
int tot,le[MX + 5],ge[MX + 5];
long long lis[2 * MX + 5];
int G[2 * MX + 5][2],F[2 * MX + 5][2];
inline int &id(long long x)
{
return x <= lim ? le[x] : ge[n / x];
}
void init(long long m)
{
lim = sqrt(n = m);
for(register int i = 2;i <= lim;++i)
{
if(!vis[i])
prime[++cnt] = i,Gprime[cnt] = Gprime[cnt - 1] + i;
for(register int j = 1;j <= cnt && i * prime[j] <= lim;++j)
{
vis[i * prime[j]] = 1;
if(!(i % prime[j]))
break;
}
}
for(register long long l = 1,r;l <= n;l = r + 1)
{
r = n / (n / l);
lis[id(n / l) = ++tot] = n / l;
G[tot][0] = n / l - 1,G[tot][1] = (n / l & 1) ? (n / l - 1) / 2 * (n / l + 2) : (n / l + 2) / 2 * (n / l - 1);
}
for(register int k = 1;k <= cnt;++k)
{
int p = prime[k];
long long s = (long long)p * p;
for(register int i = 1;lis[i] >= s;++i)
G[i][0] -= G[id(lis[i] / p)][0] - (k - 1),
G[i][1] -= (long long)p * (G[id(lis[i] / p)][1] - Gprime[k - 1]);
}
for(register int i = 1;i <= tot;++i)
F[i][0] = -G[i][0],F[i][1] = G[i][1] - G[i][0];
for(register int k = cnt;k;--k)
{
int p = prime[k];
long long s = (long long)p * p;
for(register int i = 1;lis[i] >= s;++i)
{
long long pw = p,pw2 = s,pw0 = 1;
for(register int c = 1;pw2 <= lis[i];++c,pw0 = pw,pw = pw2,pw2 *= p)
F[i][0] += ((c & 1) ? -1 : 1) * (F[id(lis[i] / pw)][0] + k) + ((c & 1) ? 1 : -1),
F[i][1] += (pw - pw0) * (F[id(lis[i] / pw)][1] - (Gprime[k] - k)) + (pw2 - pw);
}
}
}
inline int slambda(long long n)
{
return n ? F[id(n)][0] + 1 : 0;
}
inline int sphi(long long n)
{
return n ? F[id(n)][1] + 1 : 0;
}
}
inline long long fpow(long long a,int b)
{
long long ret = 1;
for(;b;b >>= 1)
(b & 1) && (ret *= a),a *= a;
return ret;
}
inline int &mem_sf(long long x)
{
return w[n / x];
}
int sf(long long n)
{
if(n <= MX)
return f[n];
if(~mem_sf(n))
return mem_sf(n);
int ret = 0;
for(register int i = 1;(long long)i * i <= n;++i)
if(mu[i])
{
long long j = (long long)i * i;
int s = lambda[i] * lambda[i];
for(register int d = 2;d <= k + 1 && j <= n;++d,j *= i,s *= lambda[i])
ret += s * mu[i] * Min_25::slambda(n / j);
}
return mem_sf(n) = ret;
}
int ans;
int main()
{
scanf("%lld%d",&n,&k),Min_25::init(n);
memset(w,-1,sizeof w),mu[1] = lambda[1] = 1,f[1] = k;
for(register int i = 2;i <= MX;++i)
{
if(!vis[i])
mn[prime[++cnt] = i] = mx[i] = 1,lambda[i] = mu[i] = -1;
for(register int j = 1;j <= cnt && i * prime[j] <= MX;++j)
{
vis[i * prime[j]] = 1,lambda[i * prime[j]] = -lambda[i];
if(!(i % prime[j]))
{
mn[i * prime[j]] = mn[i] + 1,mx[i * prime[j]] = max(mx[i],mn[i] + 1);
break;
}
mn[i * prime[j]] = 1,mx[i * prime[j]] = mx[i],mu[i * prime[j]] = -mu[i];
}
f[i] = f[i - 1] + lambda[i] * (mx[i] <= k ? k - mx[i] + 1 : 0);
}
for(register long long l = 1,r;l <= n;l = r + 1)
{
r = n / (n / l);
ans += (sf(r) - sf(l - 1)) * (2 * Min_25::sphi(n / l) - 1);
}
printf("%d\n",ans & (1 << 30) - 1);
}