为新年的军队做一点铺垫。
考虑转为算概率，然后考虑一个有趣的映射：计算 \(n\) 个在 \((0,1)\) 上均匀分布的实数 \(\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\dots,\alpha_n\)，然后通过考虑每个实数的排名来考虑原来的排列。
根据对称性，这样得到的概率是相等的。
令 \(\alpha_0=0\)，考虑差分 \(\beta_i = (\alpha_i - \alpha_{i-1}) \bmod 1\)，容易知道这样建立了 \(\alpha\) 到 \(\beta\) 之间的双射。
进一步，若有 \(k\) 个位置 \(i\) 满足 \(\alpha_i < \alpha_{i+1}\)，那么 \(\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \beta_i = a_n + n - 1 - k\)。
所以我们的问题又转化为计算对 \(\beta_1,\beta_2,\dots,\beta_n \in (0,1)^n\) 的均匀分布，\(\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \beta_i \in (n-1-k,n-k)\) 的概率。
考虑差分成 \(\sum\limits_{i=1}^n \beta_i < n-k\)，然后考虑对单个 \(\beta_i < 1\) 的限制进行容斥。有 \[ \sum\limits_{i=0}^{n-k} \binom ni (-1)^i \frac{(n-k-i)^n}{i!} = \sum\limits_{i=0}^{n-k} \frac{(-1)^i}{i!(n-i)!} (n-k-i)^n \]
卷积即可。
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using namespace std;
const int N = 2e5;
const int mod = 998244353;
int n;
int ans[N + 5];
inline int fpow(int a,int b)
{
int ret = 1;
for(;b;b >>= 1)
(b & 1) && (ret = (long long)ret * a % mod),a = (long long)a * a % mod;
return ret;
}
namespace Poly
{
const int LG = 18;
const int N = 1 << LG + 1;
const int G = 3;
int lg2[N + 5];
int rev[N + 5],fac[N + 5],ifac[N + 5],inv[N + 5];
int rt[N + 5];
inline void init()
{
for(register int i = 2;i <= N;++i)
lg2[i] = lg2[i >> 1] + 1;
rt[0] = 1,rt[1 << LG] = fpow(G,(mod - 1) >> LG + 2);
for(register int i = LG;i;--i)
rt[1 << i - 1] = (long long)rt[1 << i] * rt[1 << i] % mod;
for(register int i = 1;i < N;++i)
rt[i] = (long long)rt[i & i - 1] * rt[i & -i] % mod;
fac[0] = 1;
for(register int i = 1;i <= N;++i)
fac[i] = (long long)fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
ifac[N] = fpow(fac[N],mod - 2);
for(register int i = N;i;--i)
ifac[i - 1] = (long long)ifac[i] * i % mod;
for(register int i = 1;i <= N;++i)
inv[i] = (long long)ifac[i] * fac[i - 1] % mod;
}
struct poly
{
vector<int> a;
inline poly(int x = 0)
{
x && (a.push_back(x),1);
}
inline poly(const vector<int> &o)
{
a = o,shrink();
}
inline poly(const poly &o)
{
a = o.a,shrink();
}
inline void shrink()
{
for(;!a.empty() && !a.back();a.pop_back());
}
inline int size() const
{
return a.size();
}
inline void resize(int x)
{
a.resize(x);
}
inline int operator[](int x) const
{
if(x < 0 || x >= size())
return 0;
return a[x];
}
inline void clear()
{
vector<int>().swap(a);
}
inline poly rever() const
{
return poly(vector<int>(a.rbegin(),a.rend()));
}
inline void dif()
{
int n = size();
for(register int i = 0,len = n >> 1;len;++i,len >>= 1)
for(register int j = 0,*w = rt;j < n;j += len << 1,++w)
for(register int k = j,R;k < j + len;++k)
R = (long long)*w * a[k + len] % mod,
a[k + len] = dec(a[k],R),
a[k] = add(a[k],R);
}
inline void dit()
{
int n = size();
for(register int i = 0,len = 1;len < n;++i,len <<= 1)
for(register int j = 0,*w = rt;j < n;j += len << 1,++w)
for(register int k = j,R;k < j + len;++k)
R = add(a[k],a[k + len]),
a[k + len] = (long long)(a[k] - a[k + len] + mod) * *w % mod,
a[k] = R;
reverse(a.begin() + 1,a.end());
for(register int i = 0;i < n;++i)
a[i] = (long long)a[i] * inv[n] % mod;
}
inline void ntt(int type = 1)
{
type == 1 ? dif() : dit();
}
friend inline poly operator+(const poly &a,const poly &b)
{
vector<int> ret(max(a.size(),b.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret[i] = add(a[i],b[i]);
return poly(ret);
}
friend inline poly operator-(const poly &a,const poly &b)
{
vector<int> ret(max(a.size(),b.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret[i] = dec(a[i],b[i]);
return poly(ret);
}
friend inline poly operator*(poly a,poly b)
{
if(a.a.empty() || b.a.empty())
return poly();
if(a.size() < 40 || b.size() < 40)
{
if(a.size() > b.size())
swap(a,b);
poly ret;
ret.resize(a.size() + b.size() - 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
for(register int j = 0;j <= i && j < a.size();++j)
ret.a[i] = (ret[i] + (long long)a[j] * b[i - j]) % mod;
ret.shrink();
return ret;
}
int lim = 1,tot = a.size() + b.size() - 1;
for(;lim < tot;lim <<= 1);
a.resize(lim),b.resize(lim);
a.ntt(),b.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < lim;++i)
a.a[i] = (long long)a[i] * b[i] % mod;
a.ntt(-1),a.shrink();
return a;
}
poly &operator+=(const poly &o)
{
resize(max(size(),o.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < o.size();++i)
a[i] = add(a[i],o[i]);
return *this;
}
poly &operator-=(const poly &o)
{
resize(max(size(),o.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < o.size();++i)
a[i] = dec(a[i],o[i]);
return *this;
}
poly &operator*=(poly o)
{
return (*this) = (*this) * o;
}
poly deriv() const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
vector<int> ret(size() - 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < size() - 1;++i)
ret[i] = (long long)(i + 1) * a[i + 1] % mod;
return poly(ret);
}
poly integ() const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
vector<int> ret(size() + 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < size();++i)
ret[i + 1] = (long long)a[i] * inv[i + 1] % mod;
return poly(ret);
}
inline poly modxn(int n) const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
n = min(n,size());
return poly(vector<int>(a.begin(),a.begin() + n));
}
inline poly inver(int m) const
{
poly ret(fpow(a[0],mod - 2)),f,g;
for(register int k = 1;k < m;)
{
k <<= 1,f.resize(k),g.resize(k);
for(register int i = 0;i < k;++i)
f.a[i] = (*this)[i],g.a[i] = ret[i];
f.ntt(),g.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < k;++i)
f.a[i] = (long long)f[i] * g[i] % mod;
f.ntt(-1);
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
f.a[i] = 0;
f.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < k;++i)
f.a[i] = (long long)f[i] * g[i] % mod;
f.ntt(-1);
ret.resize(k);
for(register int i = (k >> 1);i < k;++i)
ret.a[i] = dec(0,f[i]);
}
return ret.modxn(m);
}
inline pair<poly,poly> div(poly o) const
{
if(size() < o.size())
return make_pair(poly(),*this);
poly f,g;
f = (rever().modxn(size() - o.size() + 1) * o.rever().inver(size() - o.size() + 1)).modxn(size() - o.size() + 1).rever();
g = (modxn(o.size() - 1) - o.modxn(o.size() - 1) * f.modxn(o.size() - 1)).modxn(o.size() - 1);
return make_pair(f,g);
}
inline poly log(int m) const
{
return (deriv() * inver(m)).integ().modxn(m);
}
inline poly exp(int m) const
{
poly ret(1),iv,it,d = deriv(),itd,itd0,t1;
if(m < 70)
{
ret.resize(m);
for(register int i = 1;i < m;++i)
{
for(register int j = 1;j <= i;++j)
ret.a[i] = (ret[i] + (long long)j * operator[](j) % mod * ret[i - j]) % mod;
ret.a[i] = (long long)ret[i] * inv[i] % mod;
}
return ret;
}
for(register int k = 1;k < m;)
{
k <<= 1;
it.resize(k >> 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
it.a[i] = ret[i];
itd = it.deriv(),itd.resize(k >> 1);
iv = ret.inver(k >> 1),iv.resize(k >> 1);
it.ntt(),itd.ntt(),iv.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
it.a[i] = (long long)it[i] * iv[i] % mod,
itd.a[i] = (long long)itd[i] * iv[i] % mod;
it.ntt(-1),itd.ntt(-1),it.a[0] = dec(it[0],1);
for(register int i = 0;i < k - 1;++i)
itd.a[i % (k >> 1)] = dec(itd[i % (k >> 1)],d[i]);
itd0.resize((k >> 1) - 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1) - 1;++i)
itd0.a[i] = d[i];
itd0 = (itd0 * it).modxn((k >> 1) - 1);
t1.resize(k - 1);
for(register int i = (k >> 1) - 1;i < k - 1;++i)
t1.a[i] = itd[(i + (k >> 1)) % (k >> 1)];
for(register int i = k >> 1;i < k - 1;++i)
t1.a[i] = dec(t1[i],itd0[i - (k >> 1)]);
t1 = t1.integ();
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
t1.a[i] = t1[i + (k >> 1)];
for(register int i = (k >> 1);i < k;++i)
t1.a[i] = 0;
t1.resize(k >> 1),t1 = (t1 * ret).modxn(k >> 1),t1.resize(k);
for(register int i = (k >> 1);i < k;++i)
t1.a[i] = t1[i - (k >> 1)];
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
t1.a[i] = 0;
ret -= t1;
}
return ret.modxn(m);
}
inline poly sqrt(int m) const
{
poly ret(1),f,g;
for(register int k = 1;k < m;)
{
k <<= 1;
f = ret,f.resize(k >> 1);
f.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
f.a[i] = (long long)f[i] * f[i] % mod;
f.ntt(-1);
for(register int i = 0;i < k;++i)
f.a[i % (k >> 1)] = dec(f[i % (k >> 1)],(*this)[i]);
g = (2 * ret).inver(k >> 1),f = (f * g).modxn(k >> 1),f.resize(k);
for(register int i = (k >> 1);i < k;++i)
f.a[i] = f[i - (k >> 1)];
for(register int i = 0;i < (k >> 1);++i)
f.a[i] = 0;
ret -= f;
}
return ret.modxn(m);
}
inline poly pow(int m,int k1,int k2 = -1) const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
if(k2 == -1)
k2 = k1;
int t = 0;
for(;t < size() && !a[t];++t);
if((long long)t * k1 >= m)
return poly();
poly ret;
ret.resize(m);
int u = fpow(a[t],mod - 2),v = fpow(a[t],k2);
for(register int i = 0;i < m - t * k1;++i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)operator[](i + t) * u % mod;
ret = ret.log(m - t * k1);
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)ret[i] * k1 % mod;
ret = ret.exp(m - t * k1),t *= k1,ret.resize(m);
for(register int i = m - 1;i >= t;--i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)ret[i - t] * v % mod;
for(register int i = 0;i < t;++i)
ret.a[i] = 0;
return ret;
}
};
}
using Poly::init;
using Poly::poly;
inline int C(int n,int m)
{
return n < m ? 0 : (long long)Poly::fac[n] * Poly::ifac[m] % mod * Poly::ifac[n - m] % mod;
}
poly f,g;
int main()
{
init();
scanf("%d",&n),f.resize(n + 1),g.resize(n + 1);
for(register int i = 0;i <= n;++i)
f.a[i] = (long long)(i & 1 ? mod - 1 : 1) * Poly::ifac[i] % mod * Poly::ifac[n - i] % mod,
i && (g.a[i] = (fpow(i,n) - fpow(dec(i,1),n) + mod) % mod);
f *= g;
for(register int i = 0;i <= n;++i)
ans[i] = (long long)Poly::fac[n] * f[n - i] % mod;
for(register int i = 0;i <= n;++i)
printf("%d%c",ans[i]," \n"[i == n]);
}