洛谷 7111 青春有悔

一些小 trick 的结合。

考虑计算分数小于 \(y\) 的方案数。
也即分数不超过 \(y-1\) 的方案数。
然后取补集再除总方案数。

\(F(z)\) 表示现实中答案的前缀和的 OGF。
那么显然 \[ F(z) = \frac1{1-z} \prod\limits_{i=1}^n \frac{ 1-z^{a_i+1} }{1-z} = \frac1{ (1-z)^{n+1} } \prod\limits_{i=1}^n (1-z^{a_i+1}) \]

前面部分可以直接随便展开,后面部分考虑 ln 之后调和级数计算再 exp 回去。

然后询问实际上是要求 \[ [z^{y-1}] \frac{ 1-z^{x+1} }{ 1-z^{a_p+1} } F(z) \]

将左边分式的分子拆开,容易发现需要计算的是形如以下形式的问题 \[ [z^y] \frac1{1-z^a} F(z) \]

考虑根号分治,设阈值 \(B\)
\(a \le B\),考虑预处理出所有答案。
\(a > B\),考虑暴力计算。
\(n,q,a_i,x,y\) 同阶,则取 \(B = O(\sqrt n)\) 时最优,复杂度为 \(O(n \sqrt n)\)

代码:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <utility>
#include <algorithm>
#define add(a,b) (a + b >= mod ? a + b - mod : a + b)
#define dec(a,b) (a < b ? a - b + mod : a - b)
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5;
const int LIM = 333;
const int mod = 998244353;
int n,q,lim;
int a[N + 5],prod = 1;
inline int fpow(int a,int b)
{
int ret = 1;
for(;b;b >>= 1)
(b & 1) && (ret = (long long)ret * a % mod),a = (long long)a * a % mod;
return ret;
}
namespace Poly
{
const int N = 1 << 18;
const int G = 3;
int lg2[N + 5];
int rev[N + 5],fac[N + 5],ifac[N + 5],inv[N + 5];
int rt[N + 5],irt[N + 5];
inline void init()
{
for(register int i = 2;i <= N;++i)
lg2[i] = lg2[i >> 1] + 1;
int w = fpow(G,(mod - 1) / N);
rt[N >> 1] = 1;
for(register int i = (N >> 1) + 1;i <= N;++i)
rt[i] = (long long)rt[i - 1] * w % mod;
for(register int i = (N >> 1) - 1;i;--i)
rt[i] = rt[i << 1];
fac[0] = 1;
for(register int i = 1;i <= N;++i)
fac[i] = (long long)fac[i - 1] * i % mod;
ifac[N] = fpow(fac[N],mod - 2);
for(register int i = N;i;--i)
ifac[i - 1] = (long long)ifac[i] * i % mod;
for(register int i = 1;i <= N;++i)
inv[i] = (long long)ifac[i] * fac[i - 1] % mod;
}
struct poly
{
vector<int> a;
inline poly(int x = 0)
{
x && (a.push_back(x),1);
}
inline poly(const vector<int> &o)
{
a = o,shrink();
}
inline poly(const poly &o)
{
a = o.a,shrink();
}
inline void shrink()
{
for(;!a.empty() && !a.back();a.pop_back());
}
inline int size() const
{
return a.size();
}
inline void resize(int x)
{
a.resize(x);
}
inline int operator[](int x) const
{
if(x < 0 || x >= size())
return 0;
return a[x];
}
inline void clear()
{
vector<int>().swap(a);
}
inline poly rever() const
{
return poly(vector<int>(a.rbegin(),a.rend()));
}
inline void ntt(int type = 1)
{
int n = size();
type == -1 && (reverse(a.begin() + 1,a.end()),1);
int lg = lg2[n] - 1;
for(register int i = 0;i < n;++i)
rev[i] = (rev[i >> 1] >> 1) | ((i & 1) << lg),
i < rev[i] && (swap(a[i],a[rev[i]]),1);
for(register int w = 2,m = 1;w <= n;w <<= 1,m <<= 1)
for(register int i = 0;i < n;i += w)
for(register int j = 0;j < m;++j)
{
int t = (long long)rt[m | j] * a[i | j | m] % mod;
a[i | j | m] = dec(a[i | j],t),a[i | j] = add(a[i | j],t);
}
if(type == -1)
for(register int i = 0;i < n;++i)
a[i] = (long long)a[i] * inv[n] % mod;
}
friend inline poly operator+(const poly &a,const poly &b)
{
vector<int> ret(max(a.size(),b.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret[i] = add(a[i],b[i]);
return poly(ret);
}
friend inline poly operator-(const poly &a,const poly &b)
{
vector<int> ret(max(a.size(),b.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret[i] = dec(a[i],b[i]);
return poly(ret);
}
friend inline poly operator*(poly a,poly b)
{
if(a.a.empty() || b.a.empty())
return poly();
int lim = 1,tot = a.size() + b.size() - 1;
for(;lim < tot;lim <<= 1);
a.resize(lim),b.resize(lim);
a.ntt(),b.ntt();
for(register int i = 0;i < lim;++i)
a.a[i] = (long long)a[i] * b[i] % mod;
a.ntt(-1),a.shrink();
return a;
}
poly &operator+=(const poly &o)
{
resize(max(size(),o.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < o.size();++i)
a[i] = add(a[i],o[i]);
return *this;
}
poly &operator-=(const poly &o)
{
resize(max(size(),o.size()));
for(register int i = 0;i < o.size();++i)
a[i] = dec(a[i],o[i]);
return *this;
}
poly &operator*=(poly o)
{
return (*this) = (*this) * o;
}
poly deriv() const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
vector<int> ret(size() - 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < size() - 1;++i)
ret[i] = (long long)(i + 1) * a[i + 1] % mod;
return poly(ret);
}
poly integ() const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
vector<int> ret(size() + 1);
for(register int i = 0;i < size();++i)
ret[i + 1] = (long long)a[i] * inv[i + 1] % mod;
return poly(ret);
}
inline poly modxn(int n) const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
n = min(n,size());
return poly(vector<int>(a.begin(),a.begin() + n));
}
inline poly inver(int m) const
{
poly ret(fpow(a[0],mod - 2));
for(register int k = 1;k < m;)
k <<= 1,ret = (ret * (2 - modxn(k) * ret)).modxn(k);
return ret.modxn(m);
}
inline pair<poly,poly> div(poly o) const
{
if(size() < o.size())
return make_pair(poly(),*this);
poly f,g;
f = (rever().modxn(size() - o.size() + 1) * o.rever().inver(size() - o.size() + 1)).modxn(size() - o.size() + 1).rever();
g = (modxn(o.size() - 1) - o.modxn(o.size() - 1) * f.modxn(o.size() - 1)).modxn(o.size() - 1);
return make_pair(f,g);
}
inline poly log(int m) const
{
return (deriv() * inver(m)).integ().modxn(m);
}
inline poly exp(int m) const
{
poly ret(1);
for(register int k = 1;k < m;)
k <<= 1,ret = (ret * (1 - ret.log(k) + modxn(k))).modxn(k);
return ret.modxn(m);
}
inline poly pow(int m,int k1,int k2 = -1) const
{
if(a.empty())
return poly();
if(k2 == -1)
k2 = k1;
int t = 0;
for(;t < size() && !a[t];++t);
if((long long)t * k1 >= m)
return poly();
poly ret;
ret.resize(m);
int u = fpow(a[t],mod - 2),v = fpow(a[t],k2);
for(register int i = 0;i < m - t * k1;++i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)operator[](i + t) * u % mod;
ret = ret.log(m - t * k1);
for(register int i = 0;i < ret.size();++i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)ret[i] * k1 % mod;
ret = ret.exp(m - t * k1),t *= k1,ret.resize(m);
for(register int i = m - 1;i >= t;--i)
ret.a[i] = (long long)ret[i - t] * v % mod;
for(register int i = 0;i < t;++i)
ret.a[i] = 0;
return ret;
}
};
}
using Poly::init;
using Poly::poly;
inline int C(int n,int m)
{
return n < m ? 0 : (long long)Poly::fac[n] * Poly::ifac[m] % mod * Poly::ifac[n - m] % mod;
}
int cnt[N + 5];
poly f,g;
int h[LIM + 5][N + 5];
inline int query(int a,int n)
{
if(n < 0)
return 0;
if(a <= lim)
return h[a][n];
int ret = 0;
for(register int i = 0;i <= n;i += a)
ret = add(ret,f[n - i]);
return ret;
}
int ans;
int main()
{
init();
scanf("%d%d",&n,&q),lim = LIM,f.resize(N + 1),g.resize(N + 1);
for(register int i = 1;i <= n;++i)
scanf("%d",a + i),++cnt[a[i]],prod = (long long)prod * Poly::inv[a[i] + 1] % mod;
for(register int i = 0,c = 1;i <= N;++i)
g.a[i] = C(n + i,i);
for(register int i = 1;i <= N;++i)
for(register int j = 1;i * j <= N;++j)
f.a[i * j] = (f.a[i * j] + (long long)cnt[i - 1] * (mod - Poly::inv[j])) % mod;
f = (f.exp(N + 1) * g).modxn(N + 1);
for(register int a = 1;a <= lim;++a)
for(register int i = 0;i <= N;++i)
h[a][i] = ((i >= a ? h[a][i - a] : 0) + f[i]) % mod;
int p,x,y;
for(;q;--q)
{
scanf("%d%d%d",&p,&x,&y);
ans = (long long)(query(a[p] + 1,y - 1) - query(a[p] + 1,y - x - 2) + mod) * prod % mod * (a[p] + 1) % mod * Poly::inv[x + 1] % mod,
ans = (1 - ans + mod) % mod;
printf("%d\n",ans);
}
}